Rights

Fundamental
Rights are
Supreme:Article 8

any law or custom or usage having force of law inconsistent with Fundamental Rights shall be void

Right to Life &
Liberty:
Articles 9, 10, 12 & 13

• No person can be deprived of life or liberty, save in    accordance with law
• On arrest or detention in custody, person is to be    told grounds for such action & has the right to    consult and be defended by l egal practitioner of    his/her choice.
• Arrested person is to be produced before the    Magistrate within 24 hours of arrest.
• Any detention beyond this period without the    Magistrate’s authority is illegal.(Exceptions: people    taken into preventive detention. However, there is    also a specified procedure for such     detention.)
• A person cannot be punished for an act which was    legally not a crime at the time of its occurrence
• No punishment other than that prescribed in law at    the time of occurrence
   
• For one crime/offence the accused cannot be    punished twice
• The accused cannot be forced to give witness    against herself/himself

Prohibition of
Slavery &
Forced Labour:
Article 11

• Slavery, all forms of forced labour and trafficking of    human beings are prohibited
• No child under 14 can work in a factory or a mine or    any other hazardous employment.
     (Exceptions: prisoners and any duty for public service    required by law.
     but compulsory service cannot be cruel or    incompatible with human dignity)

Dignity of Man
and Privacy of
Home:Article 14

• Guarantees privacy of home and forbids torture for    the purpose of extraction of evidence
• Police or any other state agency can enter a home    only after obtaining lawful authority (in writing,    naming person & purpose of entry - e.g., arrest or    recovery of stolen goods)

Basic Freedoms:
Articles 15, 16,
17, 18 & 19

• Every citizen is free to: move, live and settle in any    part of the country, and also has the right to a    passport and to travel abroad
• Every citizen has the right to assemble peacefully      (Exceptions: these can be restricted by law in the    public interest)
• Every citizen has the right to: join an    association/union; freedom of speech and expression;    freedom of the Press is guaranteed
     (Exceptions: can be restricted by law on grounds of    sovereignty& integrity of Pakistan, public order or    morality; government servant cannot be member of a    political party)
• Every citizen, subject to qualifications can enter a    trade, business or profession of his/her choice          (Exceptions: regulations of trade & commerce can be    made by the government)

Religious
Freedom &
Safeguards:
Articles 20, 21 & 22

Every citizen has the right to believe, practice and propagate their religion.
Every religious denomination/sect has the right to establish, maintain and manage its religious institutions
No person can be compelled to pay any special tax to be spent on the propagation or maintenance of a particular religion or religious institution other than his/her own
No person attending any educational institution can be required to attend religious ceremonies, worship or receive education of a religion other than his/her own.
No discrimination against any community in grant of tax exemption or concessions for religious institutions
No discrimination in admission to educational institutions receiving public funds on grounds of race, religion, caste or place of birth
(Exceptions: quota system is permissible for advancement of any socially or educationally backward class of citizens)

Property Rights:
Articles 23 & 24

• Every citizen is allowed to own, sell his/her property    in any part of the country
• No person can be deprived of her/his property    compulsorily. If property, land is needed in public    interest, then the government has to give reasonable    compensation to the owner.

Guarantees of
Equality & Non-
Discrimination:
Articles 25, 26 &
27

• All citizens are equal before law and are entitled to    equal protection of law
• There shall be no discrimination on the basis of sex    alone
  (Exceptions: the state can make special provisions for the protection of women and children)
• No discrimination on any basis in access to public    places, except those specifically reserved for religious    purposes (Exceptions: the state can make special    provisions for women and children)
• no person otherwise qualified can be discriminated    against in the matter of employment on the basis of    race, religion, caste, sex,. residence or place of birth    (Exceptions: specific services can be reserved for    members of either sex if such posts/services require    duties which cannot be adequately performed by the    members of other sex, e.g. Lady Health Visitor)

Article 32

Article 34

Article 35

 Article 37(e) 

Article 38(a)

Article 38(d)

In addition to the Fundamental Rights described in the table above, the Constitution also lists several ‘Principles of Policy’. The government is to make policies accordingly, which the government, all public institutions and all government servants are expected to uphold. A number of the Principles of Policy specifically relate to women:
- special representation shall be given to women in local government institutions (i.e., local bodies).
- steps shall be taken to ensure full participation of women in all spheres of national life.
- the State shall protect marriage, the family, the mother and the child.
make sure women are not employed in vocations unsuited to their sex, and that working women get maternity benefits.
- secure well-being of the people, irrespective of sex.
- provide basic necessities of life, irrespective of sex.